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You are here: Home / Free Project Circuits / Electrical / Lead Acid Battery Charger Circuit

Lead Acid Battery Charger Circuit

August 22, 2015 By Administrator 16 Comments

Introduction:

To charge a battery from AC we need a step down transformer, rectifier, filtering circuit, regulator to maintain the constant voltage then we can give that voltage to the battery to charge it. Think if you have only DC voltage and charge the lead acid battery, we can do it by giving that DC voltage to a DC-DC voltage regulator and some extra circuitry before giving to the lead acid battery. Car battery is also a lead acid battery.

SIMPLE LEAD ACID BATTERY CHARGER - Block Diagram

As seen in the DC voltage is given to the DC voltage regulator here we use LM317 which is a DC voltage regulator. The regulated DC out voltage is given to battery. There is also a trickle charge mode circuitry which will help to reduce the current when the battery is fully charged.

Related Post – 12v Portable Battery Charger Circuit using LM317

Components of Lead Acid Battery Charger Circuit:

LM317: LM317 is voltage regulator invented by Robert C. Dobkin and Robert J. Widlar in 1970.the main function of this voltage regulator is to regulate the voltage and give the constant voltage without any noise disturbance; for example if we have 42v and we want only 10v so to get this output we will give 42v to a voltage regulator and uninterrupted 10v. For LM317 there is no maximum voltage unless the difference between the input and output voltage should not exceed maximum differential voltage. The maximum differential voltage is around 40V and also it give exceed output current of 1.5A for 1.2v to 37V .it has three pins input, output and adjustable pin. In the adjustable we can adjust the difference between the input and output voltages. Minimum voltage should be 18V which is given as input voltage to the regulator.

Lead Battery: Lead Battery is a rechargeable battery in the 1857 by gaston plante. The main advantages of Lead battery is it will dissipate very little energy (if energy dissipation is less it can work for long time with high efficiency),it has very low energy to weight ratio, it can deliver high current’s and very low cost.

Lead Acid Battery Charger Circuit Diagram:

The circuit diagram can be seen below:

SIMPLE LEAD ACID BATTERY CHARGER - Circuit DiagramCircuit Explanation:

  • The DC voltage is connected to the Vin of the LM317 in between we have connected the capacitors will be opened but if it had any AC noise it will remove it.
  • The Vout of the LM317 is given to the battery which is to be charged, pin1Adjustment pin of the LM317 is connected to the transistor Q1, Resistor R1, R2, R5 which will help to adjust the regulator.
  • The output of regulated voltage and current is controlled by the transistor Q1, resistor R1 and R2 and potentiometer R5.potentiometer which is used to set the charging current. Resistor R2 will have more current when the battery is getting charged. This will help to conduct the transistor Q1. The conduction of Q1 will help to adjust the voltage of LM317.
  • TRICKLE CHARGE MODE: in this mode if the battery is charged the reverse current will flow. If the LED has glown then we can say that battery is charged. The diode D2 will protect the LM317 from the reverse current. When the battery is fully charged it will reduce the charge current. If the charge current the transistor will get off so the voltage regulator cannot be adjusted.

NOTE:

  1. The battery should be charged with 1/10th it’s charging current.so the voltage regulator must generate 1/10th of the charging current produced by the battery
  2. Heat sink should be attached to the LM317 to the get the better efficiency.

Related Posts:

  • Battery Charger Circuit Using SCR
  • Safety Tips to Maintain Lead Acid Battery
  • Tips to Increase Laptop Battery Life




Filed Under: Electrical, Electronics, Free Project Circuits, Mini Projects

Comments

  1. riad george says

    September 22, 2013 at 5:37 pm

    Thank you for your useful projects

    Reply
  2. ajala kp says

    January 3, 2014 at 10:54 am

    please show the pcb diagram of this circuit

    Reply
  3. ajala kp says

    January 3, 2014 at 10:59 am

    good

    Reply
  4. raju says

    December 20, 2015 at 6:08 am

    Please value of r6

    Reply
    • Anusha says

      January 29, 2016 at 7:18 am

      This resistor is to protect the led.You can place a 2.2k resistor

      Reply
  5. Sayan says

    January 21, 2016 at 8:20 am

    Awesome ..👍

    Reply
  6. RITESH MUKHOPADHYAY says

    February 15, 2016 at 2:11 pm

    how much dc volt input is to b given?

    Reply
  7. eddy says

    March 20, 2016 at 5:38 am

    is this working.and is it charging fast

    Reply
  8. tega says

    April 28, 2016 at 8:17 pm

    Please explain the calculation in the feedback section

    Reply
  9. krishna says

    July 2, 2016 at 12:31 am

    what is the purpose of connecting capacitor (c3) and diode (d2) across the o/p?

    Reply
  10. Reza Saman says

    August 7, 2016 at 10:22 am

    The Ground of circuit is placed in wrong. It should be connected to Emitter of Q1. :))

    Reply
  11. paundra says

    August 21, 2016 at 6:58 am

    What the purpose the potentiometer does?

    Reply
  12. Awnish says

    August 23, 2016 at 2:57 pm

    one doubt here. in case power goes off during charging the battery, is int the current will flow back to circuit and LED will keep glowing? Do we need to put a diode to positive output to battery to stop the flow of reverse current ?

    Reply
  13. Albert says

    April 7, 2017 at 6:42 am

    R1 are wrong connected. A NPN need (+) voltage between B-E to start working. In the application datasheet of LM317 it shows connected R1 to ADJ of LM317.

    Reply
    • Ray Sin says

      August 5, 2017 at 10:44 am

      If you are talking about the circuit “Current-Limited 6-V Charger”, both circuits are same. You are right about using +ve voltage to starting NPN working, but working here means dropping the ref voltage to stop charging the battery. Normally, this transistor does not work, the ref voltage is determined by R3, R4 and R5 only.

      Reply
    • Ray Sin says

      August 5, 2017 at 10:54 am

      same topology as datasheet sample “6V charger”

      normally the transistor does not work, it works only when current too high

      Reply

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