In this project, we will see a simple Home Security application called Electronic Eye Controlled Security System using LDR as the main sensor and a few other components.
Introduction
Electronic eye is also called magic eye. As the automation is an emerging technology these days, just imagine a door bell that automatically rings when a person visits your home. This also provides security when any person is trying to enter into your home without your permission. Electronic eye is a simple electronic device that continuously watches if anyone is visiting your home.
This project presents the circuit of electronic eye. Before going to know complete details about this circuit, get an idea about Light Activated Switch Circuit using LDR.
Electronic Eye Controlled Security System Circuit Principle
The main principle of the circuit is to ring the door bell when there is any person at the entrance. In order to detect a person, an LDR is used as the sensor. Light on the LDR determines whether a person is present or not. When there is any object at the entrance, LDR is in dark and buzzer starts ringing and the LED starts glowing.
Circuit Diagram of Electronic Eye Controlled Security System
NOTE: Resistor R4 is 220Ω.
Circuit Components
- 7805 Regulator
- Resistors – 220Ω x 2, 1KΩ x 2, 100KΩ
- 1N4007 PN Diode
- Capacitors – 1µF, 10µF
- Transistors – BC 547 x 2
- Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
- Buzzer
- LED
- Bread board
- Connecting wires
- 9V battery
Electronic Eye Controlled Security System Circuit Simulation Video
Electronic Eye Controlled Security System Circuit Design
This circuit can be divided into two parts. One is the power supply and the other is the logic circuit. In the power supply circuit, a 9V supply from a battery is converted to the 5V .The logic circuit operates the buzzer and an LED when any shadow falls on the LDR.
Design of Power Supply Circuit
Power supply circuit consists of battery, diode, regulator and capacitors. Initially a 9V battery is connected to the diode. Diode used here is a simple P-N junction diode of 1N4007 series. In this circuit, 1N4007 is connected in the forward bias condition.
The main purpose of the diode in this circuit is to protect the circuit from reverse polarity i.e. to protect the circuit if by any chance the battery is connected in reverse polarities. So, the P-N junction diode connected in the forward bias allows the current to flow only in one direction and thus the circuit can be protected. There is some voltage drop across the diode. A voltage of 0.7V is dropped across the diode.
A regulator is used for regulating the output voltage of the circuit .The regulator IC used here is 7805. 78 represents the series and 05 represents the output voltage. Thus a voltage of 5V is produced at the output of the regulator. Two capacitors are used before and after the regulator. These two capacitors eliminate the ripples. Thus a constant voltage is produced at the output of the regulator, which is applied to the logic circuit.
Also Read the Post: Automatic LED Emergency Light Circuit using LDR
Design of Logic Circuit
The logic circuit mainly consists of Light Dependent Resistor, transistors, a buzzer, an LED and a few passive components. A 100KΩ resistor is connected in series to the LDR in a voltage divider fashion. Light dependent resistor will have resistance in mega ohms when it is placed in the dark. This resistance value will decrease gradually when it is placed in the light. Thus, there is a variation in the series resistances.
When the LDR is in dark it has high resistance and produces the logic high value at the output. When the LDR is in light, the resistance value of the LDR decreases and at the output it gives logic low voltage.
The output of the voltage divider is fed to a transistor which inverts the input from the LDR. The second transistor drives the buzzer. The diode is placed for protection.
Buzzer used here is a 5V magnetic buzzer. It has two pin at the output. One pin is connected to the supply and the other pin is connected to the Collector of the second Transistor. LED is used for indication only. When the output from first transistor is high, the buzzer starts ringing. Led is also turned on.
How to Operate the Electronic Eye Controlled Security System Circuit?
- Initially, connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram on a bread board.
- Now connect the supply voltage of 9V using a battery.
- Place the Light Dependent Resistor in light. You can observe no sound is produced from the buzzer.
- Place the LDR in dark and the buzzer starts making sound. Also the LED connected to the buzzer will be turned ON.
- As the intensity falling on the LDR increases sound produced by the buzzer increases.
Electronic Eye Controlled Security System Applications
- This can be used in door bell circuits.
- This can be used in garage door opening circuits.
- Electronic eye can be used in security applications.
38 Responses
in Electronic Eye Controlled Security System Circuit Design where to give input to ic7402 and where to check output
Please can u help me with the complete project materials
It is very nice circuit but i am confused about its sensitivity of special person…
sir,can you please explain the use of two transistors in this case ?
this is a good site.i really appreciate it.
Can i add a camera to the circuit? I am doing a project for my HNC Level 4 Electrical & Electronic Engineering and i find this appealing. What could i add to this particulat circuit?
I will appreciate some idea’s
Thank You.
Please can you explain how it works in security system..
Like locker system e.t.c
when anyone tries to open the locker, shadow falls on the LDR and this activates the circuit: LED glows and buzzer starts ringing
This site can be appreciated if the function of every individual component is explained in detail.yet its good
Can u please send documentation… Of electronic eye controlled security system….
Please send documentation of electronic eye controlled security system….
why not simulate the sound
Please send documents of electronic eye controlled security system….
Are all the resistors used here in kilo ohms?
Go through the circuit diagram to know the values of resisitors…Not all resistors are in kilo ohms
in video R4 value 2.2k mentioned once say the resisrorss values& how many diodes are used in this project once explain
I didn’t understand how to connect the circuit It ain’t so elaborated. If anyone could make me understand I would be really very thankful.
can u give me the resistor values used in project,& 7404 ic is not displayed in simulation video
We have changed the circuit for some technical reasons…7404 is not used in the present circuit.Components section is updated with the resistor values..please go through it
can u give me the resistor values
R1-100k,R2-1k,R3-100,R4-220,R5-820
please send me the documentation
I just want to connect a camera in this circuit so could u help me how connect camera
what will be the cost of doing this circuit of our ownselves………and what will be the cost if we buy it in the shop…
where is the ic
and can you give the above view
Can u explain detail in the video
Nd tell me the values of resistor
Here what is the need to convert 9v to 5v. Can anyone help me out
The circuit is very important. It can be used in several devices. Appreciating job.
Sir, What is the use of regulator IC in the circuit ??
To provide a stable 5V Supply.
sir in making one of your project i.e. electronic eye control security system and I have lots of que about the components which is used in that project.
1) Sir can we use other voltage regulator in the place of 7805 voltage regulator.
2) what happen if we increase or decrease the value of capacitor instead of 10 and 1 micro farad.
3) sir what happen if we use PNP transistor in the place of NPN transistor.
4) sir in the given circuit what is the function of resistor R2,R3,R4,R5.
1) Yes. You can. But you need to be careful in selecting other components as well (mostly resistors).
2) In simple Linear Regulators like 7805, the output will be pretty stable and you can omit the capacitors all together (not suggested, only proceed if you know what you are doing). But I suggest you to refer to the datasheet of the particular regulator and select the input and output capacitors (usually, they will be fixed values).
3) Both the NPN Transistors in the circuit are acting as switches. If you are familiar with the operation and differences between NPN and PNP Transistors, then you can use either of them (obviously, there will be modifications in the circuit).
4) Resistors R2, R4 and R5 act as current limiting resistors (for Q1, D2 and Q2 respectively). The resistor R3 pulls the collector of Q1 HIGH.
sir, as LDR is a light sensing deice so if we put this at night,than what happen when a person comes at night, is the circuit will work.
Thank you!
Worked!
How mine didn’t work can you give me guidance
What are the two inputs for LM 358? Why this component not shown in circuit sir?
Good circuits to learn and understand basic concepts…but I think the circuit is wasting much power
when LDR is in light i.e. no person at the entrance, still the circuit consumes much power and also ICs like 7805 also need some power internal circuitry to work properly… This circuit should be powered up by mains supply using adopter etc.
9V battery should only be there for backup.. right?
how much longer will this battery last? circuit is consuming much power continuously…