What Is Firmware? Why And How To Update Firmware?

Have you ever had a device that just stopped working out of the blue? Or maybe it started acting weird, doing things it wasn’t supposed to? These problems can be really frustrating, especially when you don’t know what’s wrong. Sometimes, the culprit is something called “firmware.”

In this blog post, we’re going to talk about what firmware is, why it’s important, and how to keep it updated. We’ll also discuss the difference between firmware and software, and why firmware attacks are becoming more common. So, let’s get started and demystify this often-overlooked piece of technology.

What Is A Firmware And Firmware Update?

Firmware is a type of software embedded in a device’s hardware, serving as the interface between the hardware and the system’s software. It consists of programs that control how hardware operates, enabling it to function correctly. Firmware is typically found in devices like computers, smartphones, routers, and even everyday appliances like washing machines. It’s stored in non-volatile memory, which means it remains intact even after the device is turned off.

Firmware is responsible for tasks like booting up your computer or managing basic input and output processes. In a computer, for instance, BIOS is a form of firmware that activates during startup, instructing the hardware components to communicate with the operating system.

A firmware update involves replacing the existing firmware with a new version released by the manufacturer. These updates aim to improve performance, fix issues, or introduce new features. For example, a firmware update for a router might improve its connectivity, while one for a smartphone could enhance battery management or security.

Updating firmware requires caution. Applying the wrong update or interrupting the process can cause problems like system crashes or render the device unusable. Despite these risks, regularly updating firmware can improve both device longevity and security.

Types Of Firmware

Firmware exists in various forms, each designed for specific hardware functions. Depending on the device, firmware plays different roles in ensuring hardware operates as expected.

• Low-Level Firmware: This firmware is usually stored in non-volatile memory like ROM (Read-Only Memory). It’s tightly integrated into the hardware and isn’t updated often. Examples include the BIOS in computers, which helps initiate the boot process. It handles basic tasks like enabling the keyboard, mouse, and hard drive to communicate with the operating system.
• High-Level Firmware: It is more complex and can be updated more easily. It’s often stored in flash memory, making it easier for manufacturers to release updates that users can apply themselves. Devices like smartphones, routers, and gaming consoles use high-level firmware, allowing for updates that improve functionality, security, and performance over time.
• Subsystem Firmware: Subsystem firmware controls specific components within a device. For example, printers or hard drives use subsystem firmware to manage their unique hardware tasks. A printer’s firmware manages how it interprets print jobs, while a hard drive’s firmware dictates how data is read and written.

One of the most well-known types is BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). BIOS is typically found in older computers and is responsible for initializing hardware components like the keyboard, hard drive, and display during startup. It runs the Power-On Self-Test (POST) to check if the system’s hardware is functioning before passing control to the operating system. BIOS settings are stored in a special chip on the motherboard, and users can access these settings by pressing a specific key during startup.

Another modern type of firmware is UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). UEFI serves the same purpose as BIOS but with more advanced features. It supports larger hard drives, faster boot times, and a more user-friendly interface. UEFI also offers enhanced security features, such as Secure Boot, which prevents unauthorized software from loading during startup. Most modern computers now come with UEFI instead of BIOS, offering better functionality and flexibility for the user.

While BIOS and UEFI are among the most commonly known, other types of firmware exist in devices such as routers, printers, and embedded systems, each tailored for specific hardware tasks.

Why Updating Firmware Is Important?

Firmware updates are necessary to keep devices functioning efficiently and securely. Here are key reasons why updating firmware is important:

• Bug Fixes: Manufacturers often release firmware updates to fix bugs or glitches that may be present in the current version. These bugs can lead to hardware malfunctions, slow performance, or other issues. By updating firmware, you can eliminate these problems and improve the device’s stability.
• Improved Security: Security vulnerabilities are common in outdated firmware. Hackers often exploit these vulnerabilities to gain access to devices or networks. Updating firmware regularly ensures that known security holes are patched, reducing the risk of cyberattacks. For example, firmware updates in routers often address potential weaknesses in network security.
• New Features And Functionality: Sometimes manufacturers include new features or improvements in firmware updates. These could be anything from enhancing battery performance to adding support for new hardware components. By keeping your firmware updated, you ensure your device has access to the latest features and functions.
• Performance Enhancements: Firmware updates often optimize device performance. Whether it’s faster boot times or smoother hardware interactions, updates can make devices run more efficiently. Devices such as smart TVs, smartphones, or gaming consoles frequently receive firmware updates to improve overall performance.
• Device Compatibility: Firmware updates can also improve compatibility with new hardware or software. For instance, when you upgrade your operating system or install new hardware, older firmware versions may struggle to support these updates. Keeping firmware current ensures seamless compatibility with the latest technologies.
• Extended Device Lifespan: Firmware updates can extend the lifespan of your device by ensuring that hardware and software components work together efficiently. By optimizing performance and fixing issues, updates help prevent early hardware failure or degradation, keeping your device running longer.
• Enhanced User Experience: Firmware updates often improve the user experience by making devices easier to use. Whether it’s more intuitive menus, faster navigation, or better device interaction, updates can make your hardware feel more responsive and user-friendly. For example, smart home devices often receive updates that enhance their usability and interaction with other connected devices.

While updating firmware comes with some risks—such as potential bricking of devices if an update is interrupted—following proper procedures and backing up data can minimize these concerns.

How To Find My PC’s Firmware Version?

Knowing your PC’s firmware version can be helpful when troubleshooting or preparing for updates. Whether your system uses BIOS or UEFI, checking the firmware version is a straightforward process. Here’s how to do it:

• Click the Start button and type “Device Manager” in the search bar.
• Press Enter or click the “Device Manager” option from the list.
• In the Device Manager window, locate and expand the section for the hardware whose firmware version you want to check (e.g., System Devices or Firmware).
• Right-click on the hardware item and select “Properties” from the drop-down menu.
• In the Properties window, go to the “Details” tab at the top.
• From the “Property” drop-down menu, select “Hardware IDs”.
• This will display multiple values associated with the hardware.
• Look through the “Value” table under the Hardware IDs option. The firmware version will be listed along with other details.

To know BIOS/UEFI version:

• Press the Windows Key + R to open the Run dialog.
• Type msinfo32 and hit Enter.
• In the System Information window, look for “BIOS Version/Date” or “UEFI Version/Date” under the System Summary section. This will show you the current version of your firmware.

For Mac users:

• Click the Apple menu and select About This Mac.
• Click on System Report.
• Look for “Boot ROM Version” and “SMC Version.” These correspond to the firmware version.

How To Update Firmware On Different Devices?

Updating firmware on different devices can vary slightly depending on the manufacturer and model. However, the general process remains the same. Below is a step-by-step guide to help you update firmware on most devices:

Step 1: Identify The Device Model And Manufacturer

• Before you begin, check your device’s model and manufacturer by looking at the label on the device or referring to the user manual.
• Keep this information handy, as it will help you find the correct firmware update for your device.

Step 2: Visit The Manufacturer’s Website

• Go to the official website or support page of the manufacturer.
• Look for a dedicated section on firmware updates or downloads for your specific device model. This section will contain the latest firmware versions available.

Step 3: Download The Firmware Update

• Download the correct firmware update for your device. Make sure to save the file to a location on your computer or directly on the device where it can be easily accessed.
• Double-check the file name and version to ensure it matches your device model. Downloading the wrong firmware can lead to performance issues or permanent damage to your device.

Step 4: Connect Your Device To The Computer

• Use a USB cable or follow the manufacturer’s instructions to connect the device to your computer (or update directly on the device if instructed).
• Locate the downloaded firmware update file and begin the installation process by following the on-screen instructions.

Step 5: Allow The Update Process To Complete

• During the firmware update, your device may restart several times or display progress bars. Let the process complete without interruptions to avoid corrupted firmware.
• Ensure the device remains powered throughout the update, as any power disruptions may result in serious issues.

Important Notes:

• Ensure you’ve downloaded the correct firmware file. A wrong file can affect your device’s functionality.
• Ensure your device has enough power. If the power cuts off mid-update, the device could become unusable.
• Some antivirus software might detect the firmware update as malware. Temporarily disabling antivirus software during the update can help avoid issues.

Firmware Vs Software: What’s The Difference

Firmware and software are both necessary for devices to function, but they serve different roles. Firmware is the program embedded directly into the hardware of a device, managing its basic operations. It remains stored in non-volatile memory, meaning it stays in place even when the device is powered off. Firmware controls essential functions like booting up the system, allowing hardware components to communicate with each other and with the operating system.

On the other hand, software refers to programs and applications that users interact with regularly. This includes operating systems, word processors, games, and more. Unlike firmware, software is not permanently stored in hardware. It can be easily installed, updated, or removed by users as needed.

Another key difference is in how they are updated. Firmware updates typically come from the device manufacturer and are less frequent. They usually require careful handling to avoid damaging the hardware. Software updates, however, are more regular and are often done automatically or manually by users to add features or fix bugs.

In terms of function, firmware operates at a lower level, directly managing hardware behavior. Software, in contrast, interacts with users and performs higher-level tasks. Both are integral to the smooth operation of any electronic device, but they differ in purpose, behavior, and accessibility.

How Firmware Attacks Are Shaping Today’s Cybersecurity Landscape

Firmware attacks have become more frequent as hackers discover new ways to exploit vulnerabilities in devices. These attacks target the low-level code in devices that manage hardware, making them difficult to detect using traditional security measures like antivirus software. Since firmware is essential for a device’s operation, a successful attack can give hackers deep control over a system, sometimes even bypassing the operating system’s defenses.

One common method of attacking firmware is by injecting malicious code during the boot process. Once the device is compromised, attackers can control it remotely, steal sensitive data, or make the hardware unusable. Another form of attack involves modifying the firmware to install hidden malware, which remains even after the operating system is reinstalled.

With more connected devices and the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), firmware has become an attractive target for cybercriminals. Devices like smart cameras, routers, and even medical equipment often lack strong firmware protection, making them vulnerable to these types of attacks.

Best Practices To Prevent Firmware Attacks

• Regular Firmware Updates: Keep firmware up to date by installing the latest updates from the manufacturer. These updates often include security patches that can prevent attacks.
• Enable Secure Boot: This feature helps ensure that the firmware hasn’t been tampered with during startup.
• Monitor Unusual Activity: Use tools to track system behavior for any unusual changes or performance issues.
• Use Trusted Devices: Purchase devices from reputable manufacturers that focus on firmware security.
• Backup Your Firmware: Regularly backup the firmware to ensure you can restore it if needed.

Tips For Updating Firmware

Updating firmware can improve device performance and security, but it’s important to follow certain guidelines to ensure the process goes smoothly. Below are some practical tips to help you avoid common issues during the update.

• Check The Manufacturer’s Instructions: Before you begin, always consult the user manual or manufacturer’s website for specific instructions on updating your device’s firmware. Each device may have its own process that must be followed carefully.
• Verify The Firmware Version: Ensure that you download the correct firmware version for your device. Installing the wrong version can lead to system malfunctions or even render your device unusable.
• Backup Your Data: Before updating the firmware, it’s always a good idea to back up any important data. In rare cases, an update could cause the loss of files or settings.
• Ensure A Stable Power Supply: Make sure the device is fully charged or connected to a reliable power source during the update. If the power is interrupted, it could damage the device’s firmware, making recovery difficult.
• Turn Off Antivirus Software: Temporarily disable antivirus software during the update process. Some antivirus programs may mistakenly identify the firmware update as a threat and block it, causing issues.
• Use A Reliable Internet Connection: When downloading firmware updates, ensure you have a stable and reliable internet connection. A slow or interrupted download can corrupt the update file, leading to installation issues.
• Avoid Interrupting The Update Process: During the update, don’t turn off the device, disconnect it, or close any windows related to the update. Interrupting the process can result in incomplete installation, leading to device malfunction or bricking.
• Schedule Updates During Downtime: Since firmware updates can take time, it’s best to perform them when you don’t need to use the device. Scheduling the update during off-hours ensures that the update process doesn’t interfere with your regular tasks.
• Test Device Functionality After Update: Once the update is complete, restart the device and check if it’s functioning properly. Testing ensures that the firmware was installed correctly and there are no new issues.

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Conclusion

In this blog post, we’ve learned that firmware is embedded software that controls hardware. We’ve also discussed the importance of firmware updates and the potential risks associated with outdated firmware. By understanding firmware, we can better appreciate the complexity of modern technology.